Way back in 1937, Albert Marquet achieved a speed of 85.3 he was motor paced following behind a car with a wind break in front of him like he was right on the bumper of the car and using the drag of the car to help his speed. Top speed of a motor paced bike is held by the current record holder Fred Rompelburg, who in 1995 reached a speed of 166.944 mph.
Recently a specially designed recumbent with a carbon fiber outer shell hit 82.3mph in a stand alone type ride by himself. He is Sam Whittingham. Here is a link to the story of the 82.3 mph run and a short video.
There was a guy on a recumbent bicycle that set the fastest record, but the upright world has denied him of this record. His name was something like Broadnoor, I tried googling it as I can't remember his name. Senior moment!
It is called motor pacing. The biker rides directly behind a vehicle with a windscreen attached to the vehicle. They use the draft of the vehicle to help them achieve the speed. See the following link it shows some setups.