The rear fork does not get spread wider for 11 than it does for 8... the standard dimension back there has stayed the same at 130mm since the 80's. All the sprockets just get narrower and narrower.
Interestingly the chain needn't be weaker because it is narrower... in fact the opposite is the case! Assuming of course that the plates are the same thickness. If you make the pin shorter you increase the strenght of the chain. The individual sprockets are thinner and thus weaker and prone to wear however.
I thought the speed number had topped out at 10, it seemed a nice round number. Campy going to 11 reminded me laughingly of the amps in Spinal Tap their volume controls went up to 11!